Historically Australian Indigenous Art Is Often...

Historically Australian indigenous art is often politically or spiritually motivated. Historically Australian art is often politically or spiritually motivated. This statement is proved by a number of indigenous Australian artists including, Nellie Nakamarra Marks, who uses traditional techniques and motives to relay her spirituality, and Tony Albert, who recontextualises mainstream items, to create a postmodern collection, challenging the idea of stereotypical representations in mainstream culture. All spiritual beliefs in Aboriginal culture relate back to the idea of creation and dreaming. The dreaming is the ongoing cultural and spiritual progression that informs identity and knowledge, which is expressed through traditional†¦show more content†¦The dark shapes also look like leaves, which could represent the end of season and the coming of autumn, which is supported by the deep, vibrant colours in the painting. The colours also represent her region and place in Australia. The many different varieties of the same shapes could symbolise diversity within their own tribe, as well as the different shapes and movements of the land. The purpose of this artwork is to educate and pass on a particular story to younger generations. Postmodern art challenges mainstream ideas, which usually creates a political or social statement about modern society. Contemporary indigenous art in particular would be classified as postmodern because the artists are communicating their feelings and thoughts about certain aspects of society in modern Australia, which in turn, challenges some pre conceived notions about indigenous Australians in today’s society. These particular works by Tony Albert are postmodern, because he recontextualises items from recent history, that were used to create an unrealistic connection between White Australia and indigenous Australia in the 50’s and 60’s, to challenge history, both politically and socially. Tony Albert’s collection recycles kitsch black velvet paintings produced in Australia in the 1950’s and 1960’s. These velvet paintings were very popular in the last

Paradise Lost Themes - 1501 Words

John Milton’s Paradise Lost is, perhaps, one of the greatest works of poetry in the Anglophonic literary canon. One of the reasons that the epic poem is so great is Milton’s uncompromisingly energetic approach in dealing with ideas and images. Milton writes about ideas and images by contrasting them with their opposites; showing Heaven through Hell, the sacrosanct through the somatic, and the obedient through the belligerent. This magnetic style allows the reader to attain a deeper level of understanding about the theological and philosophical claims that Milton makes by offering a counterpoint to each argument. In Paradise Lost, Milton creates an electric tension between different images and ideas, showing the reader each as it relates†¦show more content†¦The fallen angels, in being free from God, enter into a self-imposed servitude because they no longer have the option to follow the best choice, which is God. They are forever doomed, by their own choice, to following something inferior. One could argue that the demons’ deterministic and subordinate perception of reality is not their own imposition, but one imposed on them by God. However, this interpretation would be wrong because the fallen angels themselves choose to go to Hell. In the battle with God, we see how the demons cast themselves out of Hell. Milton writes, â€Å"the monstrous sight / Strook them with horror backward, but far worse / Urged them behind; headlong themselves they threw / Down from the verge of heaven, eternal wrath / Burnt after them to the bottomless pit (6. 862-866). The primary action in this passage consists of the rebel angels throwing themselves from Heaven. This is no action of God. God does not force the angels down, they go of their own accord, emphasizing their free choice to do so. 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This validatesRead MoreLord Of The Flies, By John Milton Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesWhile reading the epic, Paradise Lost, by John Mil ton, something came to my mind: Lord of the Flies. There were similarities between these two readings, almost like Lord of the Flies is a biblical allegory to Paradise Lost. 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The vague terming of what heroism can be defined as it what draws criticsRead MoreFrankenstein essay 2 672 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Frankensteins Monster and Miltons Satan An Essay on Paradise Lost and Frankenstein By Chris Davidson Almost all great works of literature contain allusions to other great works of literature that enhance the meaning of the work. Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is an excellent example of a major literary work that contains a sustained allusion to another major work. Frankenstein contains many references to Milton’s Paradise Lost, and the two stories are parallel in many aspects. In Shelly’s

Harpers Ferry free essay sample

Gulp. I looked down the winding trail ahead of me and swallowed again. Two hundred and eighty miles ahead was my destination: home. I waved good-bye to my father (who had graciously driven Joe and me to Washington, D.C.), hopped on my camping gear-laden bike, and began pedaling. As we passed through Georgetown and then the outskirts of Washington, I watched civilization fade as city streets became dirt paths and shopping centers became country shops. We were following the old CO canal path back in history as we watched the canal become less and less modern. Joe and I had begun our adventure of exploring early America on our first big bike trip: Washington, D.C. to Pittsburgh in six days, just the two of us, with everything we needed packed on our bikes. As in any good story, someone upstairs decided it would be funny to dump a thunderstorm on us one hour into the trip, but the fun didnt end there. We will write a custom essay sample on Harpers Ferry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thirty miles later, we reached the first campsite and stretched our tired legs. I hit a mosquito on my neck and in an act of rage for their fallen friend, a swarm appeared, engulfing us in a cloud of blood-sucking fun. Scrambling for our insect-repellent (Off! Deep Woods is good stuff), we found temporary relief from the onslaught. Encouraging each other with the thought that things couldnt get worse, we set up our tents and retired for the night. I found out later that a heat wave had decided to strike that week, with the humidity hovering around 95%. I have a sleeping bag good to -20 degrees Fahrenheit. I was hot. On the worst night, we camped outside Cumberland, adjacent to an active train yard, across the river from an industrial irrigation center, and underneath an apparently popular flight path. As the days wore on, the camping gear felt heavier and heavier, and the canned tuna I thought I could eat for six days became less appetizing. But was I miserable? Although I cannot speak for Joe, I welcomed and actually enjoyed the challenge. Testing myself physically and mentally, I got to see what I could endure and overcome. Over the six days, we pedaled our way across the Blue Ridge of the Appalachian Mountains and through the Laurel Highlands toward home. In many essays, this next paragraph would be dedicated to proclaiming how the writer, upon arriving home, appreciated the luxuries of home: TV, a good bed, air-conditioning, etc. I didnt gain an appreciation for the luxuries, but rather for the hardships people in the past had to endure. I already knew how nice air-conditioning is. On this trip, I had the rare opportunity, even before taking American History, to travel the long path Abraham Lincoln took to Antietam to view the aftermath of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War. I had the chance to live the life of a canal-boat operator: sleeping in the wilderness, enduring heat and long stretches of nothingness. I know nothing more delightful than immersing myself in a learning experience. Seeing the human ingenuity needed to engineer a path through mountains, make aqueduct bridges for boats, and direct the flow of the mighty Potomac River, I felt as if I were inside a textbook and seeing for myself the obstacles people overcame to build our country. Months later, I find myself lying on my bed buried in an American History textbook. The words tell the story, but when I close my eyes, I can take myself back to Harpers Ferry, stand on the steps of Millers General Store, and watch as John Brown conducts his raid.

Olympic Games Essays - Sports, Ancient Olympic Games,

Olympic Games The first Olympic games took place in the ancient civilization Greece. Like today, they were brutal competitions of skill and athleticism. In Greece the Olympics were thought as the ultimate in. They were not looked at as being merely a sport, but life. Today however, we do not see them as such. The Olympics are still very important To be in the Olympics and succeed is still the life goal of many athletes. Today people compete in the Olympics for the honor of their country, on a team; whereas a long time ago people fought only for the purpose of bringing glory and success to themselves. The original Olympics included a mere six event categories: boxing, equestrian events, pankration, pentathlon, running, and wrestling. The fighting games of ancient Greece, boxing, and the pankration, and wrestling were violent sports. The original boxing had no rules. One could do whatever they wanted to beat their opponent, even biting was acceptable. They did not even have boxing gloves, instead the Greeks would protect their hands by wrapping them with leather strips called himantes. The way a man won was to have the other opponent admit that he lost, or beat his opponent until he could no longer get up. The pankration had more rules regarding the way one treated their partner, but was inherently more violent. This competition was a combination of wrestling and boxing. It was very dangerous and the fighters were not even permitted to use the himantes to protect their hands. In this competition biting, gouging of eyes, punching in the nose, or hitting mouth with fingernails were all against the rules. There were, however, still no rules against things like kicking in the stomach, or hitting your opponent when the y were already down. Wrestling had the most rules. It had most of the rules of today. A wrestler was required to throw his partner down correctly on either the back or hip and things like biting were not permitted. However, things like breaking fingers were considered entirely acceptable. The equestrian events, all of which no longer take place in the modern Olympic games, were broken up into the two subcategorizes of chariot racing and riding. Chariot racing had three competitions: the two horse race, the 4 horse race, and the two mule race. Held outside of the stadium, the all of the chariot races consisted of 12 laps each, or nine miles. The riding competition was very similar. Instead of taking place outside of the stadium, the riding (or jockeying) events were inside and took a total of six laps, 4.5 miles, to complete. There were two riding events, one for full grown horses, and one for foals. People also raced each other. There were four different racing events with laps measured in stadium lengths, or one stade. There was the short 1 stade (192 m) race, the 2 stade (384 m), and the long distance 24 stade (4,608 m) race. Even harder than the long distance race, was the 4 stade. Although this race as only 768 m it was extremely difficult because the competitors ran in full armor weighing up to 60 pounds. The pentathlon was a combination event made up of five different competitions designed to test an athlete's endurance. These competitions were discus and javelin throwing, jumping, and the aforementioned wrestling and running. The discus was usually made up by either stone, iron, bronze, or lead and differed in size between the men and boy's competitions since boys were not expected to carry as much. The javelin was a long stick the height of a man, with a sharp point on one end, and a leather strap in the middle for throwing. The jumping competition of the Greeks was exactly the same as that of the long jump competition of today. The only difference in the two was that the Greeks received large stones, called halters to hold so that they would travel farther forward.

Introduction for Human Resourse Management free essay sample

BA Hospitality and Service Management ____________________________________________________________ Introduction to Human Resource Management ____________________________________________________________ Assignment Submission (Part 2) Integrative Case Study – Cafe Co Date of Submission: 29 April 2010 -1- Table of Contents Page no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction Aim and objectives for the training course How the training course will improve performance Timetable for 2 day induction programme Training methods and media explanations Evaluation for the course Conclusions List of References Appendix 3 3 4 4 8 12 13 16 17 -2- 1. Introduction Cafe Co was one of the top five coffee houses in the globe market. Due to many competitors grown rapidly, the business of Cafe Co was slipping down to the number five position in recent year. So that, Ben was decided to relaunch Cafe Co to be the number one coffee house across the globe. In order to co-operate in this new vision, Kim decided the 2 day training programme to the new baristas. 2. Aim and objective for the training course The aim for the training course was let the new baristas know more information about the company history and organization goals, through the training to enhance their working performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction for Human Resourse Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kim should use the SMART objective (Drucker, 1954) for the training course. Specific was to be the number one coffee house across the globe. Measurable was through the reputation to increase the market share. Achievable, was to provide an excellence customer service and use the best products quality to attract more new customers. Realistic was provided a suitable training to new baristas for increase their products knowledge and skillful for excellence customer service. Finally, was told them the time-bound. -3- . How the training course will improve performance Normally, in the 2 day training course, the new baristas would know more information and the organization goals about Cafe Co, they could built up a good relationship between another baristas, It would easily let them put into their jobs. Moreover, through the training, they would learn more critical techniques for coffee preparation, understood the customer needs, trained up how to provide an excellence customer services and all the things about their duties. Therefore, when they first time on duties in the stores, they had good enough knowledge and to be a skillful baristas. Then, it should be the first step for Cafe Co to become a successful coffee house. 4. Timetable for 2 day induction programme Cafe Co would be hold the 2 day training course the new baristas in a small group around 12-16 people, date would be arranged on 1st July, 2007 and 2nd July, 2007 in 09:00-17:00, venue would be in Cafe Co Head Office Function Room, all trainees must wear a formal dressing when they attended in this training course, and Kim would invited the top line manager to be one of the trainer. 4- Training Timetable for Day 1 Time Contents Welcome 0900-0930 speech system Leaflet, To introduce company history, Company 0930-1045 introduction and lesson recorder, System 1045-1100 Break Line managers would share Experience 1100-1200 Line manager PA system, their working experience in PA goals and company structure Training video projector, DVD market share, o rganization for this training Methods Resources mic and Purposes PA Let the trainees know the aim share form line and managers video raining projector, DVD Cafe Co, career paths for the recorder new baristas and how to handle the case Welcome lunch hold by Cafe Co, the aim was gave the 1200-1400 Lunch chance to all trainees for built up a good relationship and rapport between each others. Through the video, let trainees Technique providing 1400-1530 excellence customer for know Projector, DVD customer service skills and Training video recorder, system, customer service was most PA why provide an excellence how to improve the service (Part 1) important in Cafe Co. -5- 1530-1545 Break Gave them a case study, through the group discussion to Technique providing 1545-1700 excellence customer service (Part 2) for Group Pens find out the best way to solve and the case problems. Then Discussion and papers, Role Play system PA through the role play, they could know which kinds of sayings and behaviors were easier to make the mistakes and how to do the best. Training Timetable for Day 2 Time Contents Methods Resources Purposes To make sure trainees after this Notes, pens To introduce all and papers, 0900-1000 products in the company projector, PC knowledge. Coffee Illustrating how to make a Technique of 1000-1100 coffee making Demonstration list, coffee cups for difference kinds of coffees and teaspoons 1100-1115 1115-1230 Coffee making Game Break Coffee After the demonstration, machine, drink flavorful coffee and ingredients Lesson PowerPoint, enhance their products products in the company, and session would know all kinds of -6- machine, drink trainees could try to make their ist, coffee cups own coffee under the trainer and teaspoons 1230-1400 Introduce coffee house 1400-1445 daily operations Coffee house Gave trainees a case study and 1445-1530 daily operation Role play practices 1530-1545 Break Gave an idea to trainees how to Brief introduction for 1545-1630 Point-Of-sell (POS) system based training PowerPoint, projector, PC be operating be senior baristas, so that trainees only need to have the basic concept. Trainees could raise out all Questions and 1630-1700 Answers papers understood. Trainees need to fill up the Evaluation 1650-1700 Evaluation forms comments before they left. evaluation and wrote down their Pens and questions if they did not Technology Notes, pens and papers, operate the POS system, but normally POS system should Mic they need to perform the role. Lesson PowerPoint, projector, PC Lunch Notes, pens and papers, instruction. -7- 5. Training methods and media explanations Referring to the 2 day training timetable in Cafe Co, it was use the several training methods in the captioned training course. The methods were including lesson, demonstration, training video, group discussion, game and technology based training. Lesson was always used in training course, it could present the information, direct instruction, theories and ideas to trainees. Through the lesson, they got a basic concept for those subjects. In the captioned training course, it was used lesson in introduce the products and coffee houses operation, those information were not change frequently, trainees could following the guideline later on. Training video, one of the advantages for using training video should be let trainees feel a little bit humor. Difference videos had difference aims, the video shown them Cafe Co introduction and experience sharing from line managers were let them knew more history and career opportunity in Cafe Co. recording to those videos, they would know the company how to growing up and the organization goals of the company. On the other hand, when they watched the video for providing excellence customer service, they could feel more interesting, because of the video was shown them a case studies and they -8- could find out some mistakes showing in the video. Group discussion for providing excellence customer service was set up after the training video, aim was encourage them thinking more about how to provide the excellence customer service and teach them which was the right way. Role play was the face to face training, it can built up trainees confidence, through the role play, they could more understood the reality situation, and it could make their job smoothly. At the same time, trainer would observe how many knowledge they got and could they know how to use in reality environment through their group discussion and role play. Demonstration would be used in he technique of coffee making, it could be illustrating trainees how to make a cup of coffee and coffee machine operation. If only through the lesson told them the issue, they were difficult to understand all of these, so that uses the demonstration, trainer could indicate them which were the better way to do these. Following the demonstration, it decided a game for them to practic e how to make it by themselves, then they would be to know what were the well making methods and sometimes they could find out the useful solutions by themselves, meantime they could raise out the problems and unclear procedure when they felt in. The last method in the training course was the technology based training, it -9- used in the Point-Of-Sell (POS) system in the training. First of all, this system should be a computerized system, and trainees only want to have a basic idea of this system. Because of most of stores in Cafe Co, this system would be operated by the senior baristas. Under the reason, trainees had more chance to learn in the future. Due to the new baristas with difference character, for that reason it would be used the difference kind of training method to make them easier to learn. Experiential learning was the method to help trainees built up relations between thinking and doing. It could be seen as a learning cycle in 4 styles, there were Activists, Reflectors, Theorists and Pragmatists, Honey and Mumford’s (1992) learning styles. Probably, the training methods would be defining in these styles. Activists was fit for the outgoing, optimistic and enthusiastic people, normally they were tend to be looking for new experiences and opportunities, they like to be a centre of attention, working with other people in team tasks or role playing, and they would be jump in the deep end with a difficult task. The philosophy of them was they would like to try all the new things and least one time. Role play and game should be suit for this kind’s people. Strengths of activists would be flexible and open-minded, trainees would feel happy and 10 easier to build up good relation, and they would enjoy and put into the training. Reflectors were thoughtful, analytical and good listeners, they were careful, thorough and methodical, and they could observe individuals or group at work. They were good at listening and assimilating information, reviewing what has happened and thinking about what they had learned. Training video and group discussion were most suitable for reflectors, trainees through these training method to find out and clarify where were the problems occurred, and they would think about how to improve when they in those situation. However, the weakness of them would be they likely to procrastinate and properly they could produce analyses and reports without tight deadlines. Theorists were logical, objective, systematic and analytical, they would be a perfectionist and they were approaching to ask the scrutiny questions. They were good in analyze and handle the rational objectivity carefully, but not any subjective or equivocal thing. They were difficult to accept the subjective judgment and horizontal thinking. Though the lesson could teach them a theory and gave them a clear instruction, they would produce step by step analysis in the subject. Pragmatists were the people care about in practical, realistic and technology. They dislike discuss in a long period and impatient to thinking repeatedly. They 11 would look for practical application, experiments in new ideas and new things, question and chance they would look as a new challenge. Using technology based training was a good for them. 6. Evaluation for the course The accurate evaluation report was very important for built up a systematic training cycle, it could summarize many suggestions from trainees, and trainers could through those reports to do some improvement for the next training program. Therefore, trainer should design a useful evaluation form for trainees fill in at the end of the training course (refer to appendix 1). Referenced from Kirkpatrick’s learning evaluation theory, Kirkpatrick (1956), it could define in 4 stages. Firstly, was Reaction. Trainer could care and feel all about the reaction from trainees, such as if the training process was very silent or quiet, that mean trainees feel boring or not interesting for the subject. Contrarily, trainees would raise out some questions or gave trainer some reaction when they interesting about the subject. Secondly, was Learning. Trainer could decide a quiz or test in the end of each training session, then trainer would know trainees learn how many knowledge in the captioned 12 training courses. Thirdly, was Behavioral. Following the training, trainer could communicate with line mangers, recommend line managers fill in an appraisal form for the trainees who attended in training, then trainer would evaluate the improvement for their performance and job behavior. Moreover, trainer could compare with another baristas did not join in the training, following this research, trainer could do an analysis for the captioned issue and know how effective for the training course. Finally, was Results. Trainer needed to take time to observe the organizational performance within the designated period. Then, trainer would be evaluating the outcome for the training. 7. Conclusions When Cafe Co starting to hold the training course for the new baristas, Kim should be keep on to monitor how effective all the times, because set up the training would use a lot of money and manpower. Therefore, if it was not effectiveness, Kim must review the training contents, methods and trainers as soon as possible. Such, the company would not waste money, manpower and materials when doing in this way. 13 8. List of References ? Banfield, P. , and Kay, R. (2008) Introduction to Human Resource Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press ? Beardwell, J. , and Claydon, T. ,(2007) Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach. 5thedition. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited ? Bloisi, W (2007) An Introduction to Human Resource Management. Maidenhead: McGraw Hill Education ? Foot, M. and Hook, C. (2005) Introducing Human Resource Management. 4th edition. Harlow: Pearson Education ? Easterby-Smith (1986 ) cited in Harrison, R. (2005) Learning and Development. 4th edition. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Gibb, S. (2002) Learning and Development: processes, practices and perspectives at work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ? Hamblin (1974) in Harrison, R. (2005) Learning and Development. 4th edition. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. 14 9. Appendix Appendix 1 Cafe Co’s Training Evaluation From Name of the Course: ___________________ Date: ___________________ Time: ___________________ Please indicate your opinion for the items listed below. Excellence = 5 Good = 4 Fair = 3 Poor = 2 Very Poor = 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6 Will you be able to apply the knowledge learned? The training can meet your expectations? Can you identify the training objectives for each session? How the presentation interesting? How do you feel the training overall? How do you think all trainers have enough preparation? 7 Which training session were the mos t useful to you? ____________________________________________________________ ____ 8 Other comments: ____________________________________________________________ ____ Thank you for completing the evaluation form. 15

imperial Rome essays

imperial Rome essays During the Imperial Rome era, the lifestyles were quite different in which we in the present are very much used to. The civilization of the Roman Empire depended on the vitality of its cities. This meant that the society was based upon the strength that its cities contained. Almost all cities during this period were inhabited with a population of 20, 000. Only a select few had a populace of 75, 000 or more. The city of Rome in total had approximately 500, 000 residents. These figures compared with todays numbers seem incomparable but were large at the time. As people moved into Rome to start a living during the Imperial days, they were somewhat overwhelmed by its size, bustle, and noise. This was of the norm as most other cities that they fled were probably small subtle towns. With the continual expansion of people, there were two distinct classes of society, the rich and the poor. For the wealthy individuals or families, life was full of luxuries, along with comfortable living cond itions. The prosperous inhabited elegant homes, which were called domus. These dwellings included spacious areas, magnificent courtyards, several rooms designed for specific purposes (e.g. sleeping dinning) and a quaint and peaceful environment. With the space that these well-crafted monstrous homes occupied, most of Romes territory was built for the rich. This caused serious problems as only a small portion of the population inhabited these lodgings and colossal structures that were built such as theatres and forums, leaving a small amount of space for the mass of Romes population. Apartments, which were called insulaes or islands, were constructed to provide a less than livable home for the majority of people. They were usually five or six stories high to accommodate the most people possible, as every inch of space was considered a necessity. The most renowned insulae was the Insula of Febiala, which seemed to have towered above ...

Short and Long Term Consequences of Adolescent Victimization Essay

Short and Long Term Consequences of Adolescent Victimization - Essay Example The understanding of immediate affects abuse would have, how it relates to voluntary behaviors,howvictimization translates from adolescence to adulthood, and how it affects adulthood as a whole would be the main focus. Being a victim of crime is a common experience for both adolescents and adults. Victimization happens more to adolescents than it does to adults. The outcomes of being a victim of crime tend to be stronger among adolescent victims than adult victims. According to the National Youth Survey study they examined the consequences of adolescent victimization. The survey seems to focus on how being a victim of crime during the adolescent years seems to affect the negative outcomes when they become an adult. These negative outcomes include voluntary behaviors (e.g., committing crime, using illicit drugs) and involuntary outcomes (e.g., mental health problems). The Bulletin begins with an overview of the research literature on the consequences of criminal victimization.