English Coursework - Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English - Assignment - Coursework Example I search forward for your goals. I will sit tight for seven days before I look for help from the exchanging measures. Please you can reach me utilizing the above email or address. Yours genuinely [Name] Accounts associate CV [Name] [Location] [Address] [Phone number] [Email] Personal proclamation I am an eager, goal-oriented and mindful to subtleties person who has consistently delighted in working with figures. This is on the grounds that I love settling complex assignments and the difficulties acquired endeavoring to understand them. My bachelor’s certificate in Accounting in addition to the bookkeeping experience I have had in the past has furnished me with the essential diagnostic aptitudes to exceed expectations in this vocation Objective Seeking an associate bookkeeper position where I will use and build up my broad experience Professional abilities Possess solid critical thinking and logical abilities Excellent verbal and composed relational abilities More than 5 years involvement with the board of bookkeeping frameworks Very dependable, moral and discrete Ability to proceed according to the task Educational foundation Bachelor’s qualification in bookkeeping, Oxford University, 1999 †2003 Diploma in software engineering, Dublin PC focus Computer proficiency Operating frameworks: Windows Vista, Windows 2006, Windows 2007, Windows XP Office bundle: Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Access, Microsoft PowerPoint Professional experience SIRVA lodgings Wales 2004-2006-Assistant Accountant Responsibilities Preparation of cost bookkeeping and month to month shutting records and articulations of benefit and misfortune Reviewing and planning of spending plan, costs, solicitations, income, finance passages and different archives in bookkeeping Analyzing and incorporating money related information for accounts section arrangements for example record accounts. Impart Services, Boston 2007-to give Accounting Executive Wor ked fund and deals division Maintained the benefit and deals book of the organization Assisted in circulation of finance Maintained the database of the customer Directed created salary to the national board from local office (Resume 2011) Interest and leisure activities I love voyaging which spruce up my psyche as well as I get the opportunity to appreciate new views. Perusing since I accept information is power [Your name] [Location] [Address] eighth December, 2011 To Human assets director Recruiting office Hilton Dublin Hotel Dublin 17 Ireland Subject: Application for an occupation as an Assistant Accountant I am writing to go after an associate bookkeeper job in Hilton Dublin Hotel. I took in of the empty situation from the activity promotion website page ApplyForJob.aspx on 22nd November, 2011. As my resume uncovers both my instructive foundation and my experience, make me qualified for the assignment of a record right hand. I have procured aptitudes in the board of bookkeeping frameworks including readiness and survey of financial plan, solicitations, costs and other bookkeeping rehearses in my past association. I have likewise gotten an opportunity of working with money and deals division where I increased enormous information in bookkeeping methodology. The five years encounters I have had in my present association have significantly improved my precision abilities in this way empowering me to accomplish number juggling greatness in all what I do. Since my present association has countless workers, I have figured out how to communicate with my kindred partners consequently improving my

Extra Terrestrial Intelligence VS. Humanity Essays - Free Essays

Extra Terrestrial Intelligence VS. Humankind Essays - Free Essays Extra Terrestrial Intelligence VS. Humankind Fatima Zahid 213465976 Michael De Robertis Being the ranking staff individual from the United Nations I would scrutinize the Extra Terrestrial Intelligent through visual correspondence, images alongside the utilization of the English language. The explanation behind that is, we people don't know whether the ETI can appreciate the English language or letters by and large. Having pictures present would make it simpler for them to comprehend and it bodes well to convey in that manner extraordinarily with new social orders. The inquiry I would pose is, educate us regarding yourself? To place this inquiry as pictures I would just utilize a drawing of their UFO with the image of a question mark. As indicated by SETI Institute, ETI can have different responses and passionate reactions to specific terms, so it's significant we learn on the off chance that they are sheltered. Along these lines, we can make sense of if the ETI are hazardous and in the event that they don't have plans to destruct planet Earth and assume control over man kind. When we know they're sheltered to approach, ideally with the innovation we will have in around 30 years could enable us to follow where the sign originated from precisely. As far as any significant repercussion that happens on planet Earth because of the revelation of ETI, as I would like to think I accept this marvel could shake science. Fresh out of the plastic new proof for researchers all around the globe, having an enduring effect on the present society. Some may think the disclosure of ETI might be negative however In my feeling it would leave the human progress in distrustfulness as a revelation of another significantly more propelled development has dominated, so it's imperative to initially gain proficiency with their thought process. METI is a smart thought, I am a greater amount of an idealistic individual I accept if the ETI needed to obliterate us they got the opportunity to do so quite a while prior as we have had radio transmissions around for a long time. As I would see it I think being in contact with ETI could be extraordinary with their cutting edge innovation possibly they could assist us with finding the remedy for malignant growth!

Blog Archive Avoiding Essay Pitfalls

Blog Archive Avoiding Essay Pitfalls Understandably, MBA candidates have an almost endless number of questions about how to master their application essays. Here, we present our advice on several facets of this challenging portion of the MBA application, in hopes of helping you craft compelling submissions that will stand out to the admissions readers. Consider Sharing Your Personal Stories MBA candidates often fixate on their professional and community-based stories when writing their application essays, completely unaware of the potential their personal stories have to be powerful differentiators. Because so many applicants have similar career experiences, personal anecdotes can help candidates stand out from their fellow applicants. In particular, stories of commitment to oneself or others can have a strong emotional impact on an admissions reader, making the candidate much more memorable. As far what types of experiences you should discuss, the first criterion is that they be truly distinct and specific to you. For example, one individual may have helped his adopted cousin relocate his birth mother, while another might have taken a six-month leave of absence to take her disabled grandmother on a tour of her home country. Each of us has interesting anecdotes we can tell about ourselves, and these kinds of stories can be nicely showcased in your essays with a little bit of thought and creativity. Connect with the School in a Sincere and Personal Way To start, let us say that if your target MBA program has not explicitly asked, “Why our school?,” do not try to find a way to answer that question in your essays anyway. This is not a test, and the admissions committee has not asked the question for a reason. If, however, the school has asked you to explain your reasons for choosing it, you must be sure to provide an authentic and well-researched answer. Some candidates mistakenly believe that they must aggressively and enthusiastically state their love for their target school, sometimes resorting to pandering or speaking merely in glowing generalities. Rather than showering a program in compliments, focus on demonstrating a thorough understanding of what the MBA program offers and of how that connects with you personally. A common mistake is discussing one’s firsthand experience with a specific program in a very vague and general way. Consider the following example: “During my visit to Cornell Johnson, I was struck by the easygoing classroom discussion, the warmth of the professors, and the time spent by the first-year student who not only toured the facilities with me but also took me for coffee and asked several of his colleagues to join us.” Although these statements are positive and may in fact be true, the text contains no school-specific language. If the Yale School of Management, Michigan Ross, or the name of any other school were substituted for Cornell here, the statement would not otherwise change at all. It could easily apply to any MBA programâ€"and this is not good. In contrast, the following statement could refer only to the University of Virginia’s Darden School: “While on Grounds, I was impressed by Professor Robert Carraway’s easygoing and humorous style as he facilitated a fast-paced discussion of the ‘George’s T-Shirts’ case. Although I admittedly felt dizzied by the class’s pace, I was comforted when I encountered several students reviewing the finer points of the case later at First Coffee. I was impressed when my first-year guide stopped mid-tour to check in with a member of her Learning Team and reinforce the case’s central point. That was when I knew for sure that this is the right environment for me.” If you were to replace the Darden name and even the professor’s name with those of another school and professor, the paragraph would no longer work. The Darden-specific information regarding the day’s case, First Coffee, and Learning Teams ensures that these sentences have a sincere and personal feelâ€"showing that the candidate truly understands what the school is about and resulting in a compelling personal statement that will catch the attention of the admissions committee. Respect Word Limits, But Do Not Be Constricted by Them Candidates often worry about exceeding a school’s stated word limits, even by a mere word or two. Although we certainly feel that adhering to a program’s guidelines is best and encourage candidates to do so, we also believe that admissions directors are rational individuals and are not unnecessarily punitive. We doubt that any admissions director would ever say, “We think this candidate is great, but he exceeded the word limit by 20 words, so we are going to have to reject him.” Basically, we recommend that candidates not exceed word limits by more than 5%, but we also feel that applicants should exercise this flexibility judiciously and sparinglyâ€"and avoid consistently exceeding the limit on every essay. That said, we feel slightly differently about page limits and advise very strongly that candidates stay within any stated page limits. Although a line or two beyond a school’s word limit may not be readily obvious, an admissions reader can immediately tell when an applicant has exceeded a page limit. Adding an additional page, even for just one extra sentence, sends a clear message to the admissions committee that you are disregarding the rulesâ€"something you obviously do not want to do! Limit Outside Reviews of Your Essays Before you submit your application to your target school, ask someone you believe will give you honest feedback to read your essays and offer their evaluation and advice. However, limit yourself to requesting input from no more than two people. Because the application process is subjective, the more individuals you involve, the more opinions you will receive, and if these opinions differ markedly, they can create unnecessary uncertainty. We are not suggesting, of course, that you ignore critical feedback, but take care not to complicate the final days before you submit your application by creating doubt where it may not be due. If one or two readers support your ideas and feel that your application needs minimal work, you are probably best off ending your feedback loop there and submitting your application. Share ThisTweet Essays

Tips for an Admissions Essay on an Influential Person

Small Businesses Affected by Financial Crisis - 1191 Words

Small Business affected by Financial Crisis The purpose of this research study is to review how small businesses are affected by economic crisis, to assess the effects of marketing strategies on business performance and to identify strategies that can help small businesses grow in troubled times. The following 5 literature reviews attempt to demonstrate and support the hypothesis. In a research article by Jeffries (2011) stated how there are four ways to bounce back after a recession. The four recommended strategies to help your business bounce back after a recession are innovation, looking into government programs and partnerships, work on developing future businesses and rethinking how you do business. It is hypothesized that†¦show more content†¦They were also determined to improve the current economy. The research article states 3 key components that any small business owner can incorporate to improve the success of their company quicker. Business owners should create intermediate products e.g. newspapers and or free consultations to bring in their customers. Secondly they should survey their customers to analyze how their products are being used. And last, a loyalty program should be created to reward their customers for buying and using their products. It is hypothesized that small businesses emerge with strength to overcome the economy because they are better able to respond to their customer needs. In the research article by Krell (2011), the Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy defines a small business as an independent business having fewer than 500 employees. In the article it mentions that successful small business leaders tend to treat risk as a two-sided coin. Meaning that they will identify and mitigate threats on one side while seizing and exploiting opportunities on the other side. Due to the economic crisis, there has never been more threats or opportunities confronting small businesses. The study shows that small business sales are weak because of the decline in optimism in business owners. There is uneasiness among small business owners about future opportunities. Since the economy is not growingShow MoreRelatedBritish Petroleum And The Deepwater Horizon Crisis1583 Words   |  7 Pagesimpacted. Key publics that were impacted include British Petroleum’s board of directors, employees, local businesses in the surrounding areas, and the environmentalists that got involved. The goal of our audience analysis is to analyze and predict the different behaviors and preferences among key publics in order to better communicate and effectively mitigate the effects of the Deepwater Horizon crisis. Throughout this audience analysis, we at British Petroleum aim to move our key publics through the stagesRead MoreWhat Are No Restrictions On New Financial Service Institutions?932 Words   |  4 PagesNo Restrictions on New Financial Service Institutions (Essay #1) Introduction Currently, there are no known specific restrictions on the number of new financial service institutions allowed into the industry each year. However, the regulatory burden placed on financial institutions has controlled, or perhaps diminished, the number of new bank charters over the last 10 years (Adams Gramlich, 2014). This is particularly true for the smaller, traditional banks and a result of regulatory demandRead MoreThe Vicious Cycle Of Student Loans1576 Words   |  7 Pagestheir money in paying off their debts, there will be definite consequences. So people might ask, â€Å"what aspects of the economy are being affected due to rising student debt?† Despite the social cost that student loans promote, through in depth research and analysis, I have concluded that our economic cost will evolve around the housing market, small businesses, and students’ career choices. These are extremely valuable industries that our economy can’t afford to lose. Ultimat ely, it is not the studentsRead MoreRent For Own Home Ownership1032 Words   |  5 Pagesof fact, there is no American Dream without home ownership. Years ago, an economic crisis swept the nation leaving many homeless, jobless, and flat out broke. Many Americans as well as businesses were victims to this crisis. Fortunately, the market has started to recover and regain structure and many have been able to get back to into the home buying market. Millions of jobs are being created and small businesses are beginning to see profits as well. Overall, the economy is in much better shape.Read MoreGlobal Economy : Global Economic Crisis1249 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Economic Crisis Introduction Trade among countries has been an important accelerator of economic growth. It has created employment opportunities for many people in the world. However, due to this trade-like financial openness the economy is exposed to external shocks. In 2008, the U.S.-originated financial turmoil threatened the global capitalist system. All countries in the world were affected. The repercussions of the turmoil widespread around the globe resulted in various issues in theRead MoreThe 2008 Financial Crisis Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction The 2008 financial crisis led to a sharp increase in mortgage foreclosures primarily subprime leading to a collapse in several mortgage lenders. Recurrent foreclosures and the harms of subprime mortgages were caused by loose lending practices, housing bubble, low interest rates and extreme risk taking (Zandi, 2008). Additionally, expert analysis on the 2008 financial crisis assert that the cause was also due to erroneous monetary policy moves and poor housing policies. The federal governmentRead MoreFinancial Crisis : The Recession1336 Words   |  6 PagesFINANCIAL CRISIS 2007-2009 Introduction: The 2007-2009 financial crisis is generally considered to be the worst since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It famously led to some major financial institutions such as Lehman Brothers to collapse while many others including HBOS and the Royal Bank of Scotland had to be bailed out by the government. The stock market crashed, unemployment escalated and we were plunged into a recession sometimes referred to as the Great Recession. Although the recessionRead MoreFactors That Caused the 1997 East Asian Financial Crisis1604 Words   |  6 Pages1997 East Asia Financial Crisis Discuss the principal factors responsible for the East Asian currency/financial crisis of 1997. In 1997, there occurred certain shifts in expectations from the market. The regional contagion and confidence led to the East Asian financial turmoil. In 1990s, it had been reported that the microeconomic and macroeconomic businesses were not performing as expected. The local and international investors had not held enough grips into the looming financial challenges toRead MoreEssay1523 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years, many businesses and aid organizations have given numerous resources and financial support towards affected communities. These businesses and organizations are what many establishments look to in order to help the citizens living in the area. Sometimes cities and towns do not have enough money and human help to care for those in need, so the best option for a great outcome is to search for businesses and organizations that will give resources to relieve the threat of destruction. InRead MoreCiti Singapore: Company Analysis1754 Words   |  7 PagesCiti Singapore Contents Introduction of the Company 3 Environmental Factors 4 Financial Sector Uncertainty 4 Recovery from the Current Recession 4 Potential for another Global Recession 5 International Growth 5 Other Business Considerations 5 Demand for Capital 5 Demand for Deposits and Investments Opportunities 6 Citis Business Functions 6 Planning 6 Strategizing 6 Organizing 7 Leading 7 Controlling 7 Conclusion 8 Recommendations 8 Works Cited 10 Introduction

Using The Production Possibilities Frontiers For Women And...

Name: Instructors Name: Course: Date Due: Question 1 Using the production possibilities frontiers for WOMEN and MEN provided below, explain which group has a comparative advantage over which type of Goods. Men earn and continue to earn higher incomes than women and thus have a comparative advantage over women. Women have a comparative advantage over men on Childcare and can be justified by their specialization in household chores. Not only does the scientific reasoning reinforce this sexual division of labor, women’s low wages and the assumed comparative advantage in child care is used to privilege their contribution to human capital. (Himmelweit, Simonetti, Trigg, 2001) What will keep each group from trying to overcharge the other for their specialized product? Children are an important source of enjoyment for both groups and make a couple specialize during a relationship and thus prevent each group from overcharging. (Parkman, 2000) What are some of the barriers to trade that might keep the two groups apart even if there are mutually beneficial gains from exchange possible? Jobs Demand unexpected overtime and travel and thus keep these two groups apart as rejecting jobs will make them worse off. NUMBER TWO {60 points}. Suppose there is market for airfares to Caribbean Beach Vacation Destinations (CBVDs). Consider the following list of factors which might influence the market for CBVDs: I. A and F occur at the same time The increase inShow MoreRelatedFord Model T: the Idea That Started a Revolution4653 Words   |  19 PagesDecember 2011 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 The â€Å"Assembly Line†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Keeping the Relationship†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 The Ethos of Mass Production†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Industries Built off an Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Transforming America Yesterday and Today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15 Read MoreAdrienne Richs Essay Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence2485 Words   |  10 Pagesas â€Å"a political institution which disempowers women† in her 1980 essay Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence (Rich 23). What most see as a traditional way of life, Rich views as a societal mandate that serves as â€Å"a beachhead of male dominance,† (Rich 28). For a woman in Virginia Woolf’s time, â€Å"the one profession that was open to her [was] marriage,† and though females entered the public sphere as the 20th century progressed, â€Å"single women†¦are still viewed as deviant† and somewhat ostracizedRead MoreEssay about On Suburvanization and the Invention of the City2981 Words   |  12 PagesYour Thoughts on the City 1. Explain suburbanization and the movement â€Å"back to the city† using von Thà ¼nen’s model, Crabgrass Frontier, and class discussion. Also, how do race and class fit into the story? (Hint: you should use Crabgrass Frontier to explain how changes in the variables lead to changes in rents in von Thà ¼nen’s Model, as well as how annexation and development play into the story.) (100 points) Suburbanization is where there is a migration of people from what is consideredRead MoreComponents of Mis3220 Words   |  13 Pagesrelational data sources, cubes, data warehouses, and data marts), ï‚ § Comparative sales figures between one period and the next, ï‚ § Projected revenue figures based on product sales assumptions. Applications As mentioned above, there are theoretical possibilities of building such systems in any knowledge domain. One example is the Clinical decision support system for medical diagnosis. Other examples include a bank loan officer verifying the credit of a loan applicant or an engineering firm that has bidsRead MoreA History of African Americans after Reconstruction Essay2543 Words   |  11 Pageslent to an unequal balance in politics to which ensured improper representation in their communities.† Separate but Equal laws† implemented by congress excluded the Negro from gaining a proper education, proper medical treatment and quality services provided in their communities that their white counterparts enjoyed. Though free, African Americans continued struggle for independence raises the question did the emancipation proclamation really free the slaves? Several decades since the reconstructionRead MoreEssay about Slavery in Greece and Rome2574 Words   |  11 PagesGabinia in 67 BC. Piracy was also restricted later when the piratical Illyrians were defeated at the conclusion at th e battle of Actium in 31 BC. Another source of slaves was purchase from over the boundaries of the empire. Roman soldiers involved in frontier wars and rebellions had many opportunities to buy prisoners of war as slaves at disposal auctions. Although this is not mentioned in the contemporary literature, this information can be found in papyrus, which reveals that soldiers did indeed ownRead MoreChina s Economic And Technological Development4835 Words   |  20 Pagespatents. Social Status of the Drug Using Population According to Tammy, Martin and Robbins (2012), factors that were highly associated with drug use include socio-economic standards, educational level, cognitive function and physical health of a person, life satisfaction, functional abilities depressive symptoms and living arrangements. There are various socio-economic factors associated with drug use in China. Most of the hard drug users are young men and women who see to defy the rules and ordersRead More Drilling in North America Essay2849 Words   |  12 PagesAnd what about these jobs that are being promised? There is little to no job security when working with something that so deeply depends on what the Earth has provided. Once the oil is gone, all the jobs would be gone as well. Drilling in the ANWR may sound very intriguing but with evidence concerning actual oil amounts, time for oil production, environmental disasters, insecure employment, and alternative energy sources the Bush administrations solution to our oil shortage has stopped far from expectationsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by MichaelRead MoreEssays for the American Pageant, 14th Ed.11068 Words   |  45 PagesYork by the 1700s. Dutch names remained important there and Dutch social customs were influential. The relative poverty and the independent spirit of many of the Scots Irish settlers is demonstrated by their tendency to settle along the western frontiers on both sides of the Appalachians from Pennsylvania southward. They maintained their Presbyterian religion, and a history of struggles with the Church of England meant that they were unlikely to respect the English colonial governments. German

Impact of IT on Competitive Business

Question: Discuss about the Impact of IT on Competitive Business. Answer: Introduction: The emerging technology has dramatically transformed the business and the society. In this ever competitive world of today, every business needs to be ahead of the race, beating their competitors. Information Technology (IT) is the utmost necessity of the present day. For any business to be successful, the need for IT is unequivocal. IT is radically changing the landscape of the business scenario these days. The world has come a long way since the days of manual labor to the modern day scenario of technological advancement. It is a given fact that technology has taken over the reins of business and subsequently the society in the modern day set up. This report discusses the significance that IT has on business nowadays. It discusses the reason why business need IT and the importance of IT in the survival of the business. It also discusses the procedure and the requirement of applying IT into the business, benefits and risks that comes with the inclusion of IT into a business. The wri te up takes the example of Woolworths, a major Australian retail company to exemplify these points. Need for IT in businesses: Information Technology is the use or the study of systems like computers and telecommunications for sending, retrieving and storing information. In the world of today, information technology has become the skeletal framework of any business. Information technology helps in faster dissemination of knowledge and information over the world. Right from expansion to the inner workings of a company, everything in the world of today is dependent on IT. It is difficult to imagine any business that has not been benefited from the inclusion and advancement of IT (Wu, Straub and Liang 2015). The advent of technology has had a tremendous impact on the businesses of this world. Nowadays, almost the maximum part of the productivity of a company depends on the IT (Atkinson 2013). The inclusion of information technology has become an integral part of the business set up of our world. Larger businesses have their own IT department designed for the maintenance and upkeep of the software that is being used. Smaller businesses on the other hand, outsource or have a smaller scale of the IT department (Nambisan 2013). Business in sectors like finance, education, security and healthcare is greatly dependent on information technology. The impact of IT on business can be broadly categorized into four groups. They are: Productivity Transformation of business process Transformation of business network Transformation of business scope The productivity of any business undoubtedly has benefitted a lot with the inclusion of IT. IT has reduced the time and effort that is needed for the production of a particular good and service considerably. Therefore, the production of a company can increase manifold. The business process is transformed significantly with the inclusion of IT (Venkatesh, Thong and Xu 2012). The production time is reduced considerably with the inclusion of IT. The transformation of business network is one of the most important aspects of the impact of IT on business (Mithas et al. 2012). With the increase in the speed of production has helped to drastically change the scope and opportunity of a business. It has helped to create new opportunities for the expansion of the business. The advent of IT has made the inclusion of huge physical infrastructural requirement a thing of the past. It has helped businesses large or small create and delve into new spheres of prospects (Aykin 2016). IT for the survival of businesses Nowadays, businesses require IT to survive in the fiercely competitive market. Businesses require information technology in every sphere in order to succeed. A company has a lot of sections and branches. IT helps the company to stay interconnected and function smoothly. It helps in enabling a transparent transfer of information across the globe. If the example of the Australian retail giant, Woolworths is considered, then it can be observed that it quite obviously relies greatly on the role of IT. Woolworths is a retail giant selling groceries and stationary items in Australia. It owns and operates about 980 stores across Australia. It also has its business in New Zealand. Therefore, it can be understood that the company relies greatly on information technology to run its business smoothly (Woolworths Online, 2017). Application of IT into business The inclusion of information technology is however not an easy process. Many factors have to be kept in mind when a company or a business wants to expand and include IT in its operations. There are various stages before information technology can be applied to a business. They are cost, planning, designing, equipment installation and training. Cost of applying IT into a business or a company is the most basic and foremost area which needs to be considered before anything else. The expenditure that the process of inclusion of IT into a business will earn is not trivial. It is a huge amount of expenditure that needs to be accounted before planning out the budget of the company of a year. For applying IT into a business, a certain amount of planning is required. Before the inclusion of information technology, the management of a company needs careful planning and thinking about the process. The companies require to have an extremely systematic approach to plan out the process. The company need to monitor the areas that urgently require the inclusion of IT and needs to identify which areas will be benefited by the inclusion (Sherman 2012). Designing is an essential infrastructural prerequisite that needs to be considered before the inclusion of IT in any business or company. This part requires a more skillful approach. It deals with the basic element of designing of how the process should go about while implementing IT in the business (Sargent, Hyland and Sawang 2012). Equipment Installation: Equipment installation is the most pivotal of stages of applying IT into a business. In this stage, as can be understood from the term, the equipments are installed and the process is stated. This stage requires the presence of experts so that they can oversee the process of installing the equipments. The equipment installation is one of the most basic stages of the process of inclusion of IT in businesses. A company can outsource candidates and employees to perform this stage. Once the machines and the equipments are installed, the main task that remains for the management is to train the employees and the workers how to operate and be familiar with the machines and the equipments. The training requires the experts to train the employees of the company. Once this process is completed, and the employees or the workers are familiarized with the equipments and the machines and once they know how to operate and work with the new technology, the operation and the process becomes smooth and easy (Bloom et al. 2014). Use of IT in business The inclusion of the information technology greatly benefits the staff and the employee as it reduces the work pressure and also finishes the work in a more accurate and correct manner. The customers and the suppliers are also benefited by the inclusion of IT in business. The inclusion of technology has enabled the customers of a company to avail the goods and services in a easier fashion. Right from the purchasing stage to making the choice to buy a product, everything has been made easier for the customers. Nowadays, the customers can see the list of items or services that the company is offering through the website of the company. Companies like Woolworths strictly adhere to the help taken from IT in luring in consumers. Purchasing has also been made easy with the help of IT (Brynjolfsson and McAfee 2012). Nowadays people hardly use cash for any kind of transaction. They rely greatly on plastic money that is credit card, debit card, online transfer and net banking to complete any kind of transaction. Australian retail giant like Woolworths, like any other business, rely greatly on technology to run its business. The website of this company has a detailed description and mention of the goods and services that they sell and provide. The consumers can choose and make an informed decision about the products that he or she wants to purchase. It mentions the availability of products and the discounts on any particular product that is offered by the company. Similarly, the suppliers are also greatly reliant on information technology to serve the business better. They use the technology to monitor and keep a track of the orders and the demand of a particular product. The use of information technology has made the process of supplying goods to the supermarket retail chain all the more easier (Davenport 2013). Advantages: There are many advantages of information technology on businesses. They are: One of the most significant advantages of including IT in the business is that it has sped up the process of production. Businesses take the help of technology to speed up tasks. With its high-speed capability, it reduces the production time and thus cuts back on the cost. It greatly reduces the cost of production of goods and services of a company. It helps to automate the production of goods, which in turn reduces the cost of production, which in turn helps the companies to enjoy maximum profit (Dedrick, Kraemer and Shih 2013). The inclusion of information technology greatly increases the flexibility of the company. It offers the flexibility to the company as it helps the employees and the management to coordinate and irk from anywhere across the globe. With the advent of technology, businesses can easily think of expanding its ventures overseas for better and brighter prospects. The employees deployed at a particular venue can manage and perform their jobs well. They can coordinate with the top management placed elsewhere and get a clear perspective of the objective of the businesses (Chao and Chandra 2012). The management on the other hand, can get a clear and vivid picture of what the situation is like overseas from the employees that are placed there. Technology helps the companies to generate and earn revenue at a greater scale. It helps the businesses to achieve a larger area from which revenue can be generated. The revenue earned is greater as technology helps the employees of the company to be placed at different places of the world and still make a profitable business. It also helps to increase the revenue by speeding up the process of production. Technology helps in the storing and managing of files and data of a company. Businesses use technology to store and backup data. It saves on the time and effort that paperwork brings along. The data that is stored can be accessed from anywhere across the globe (Hensen and Lamberts 2012). Disadvantages: Along with the advantages, there are also few disadvantages that information technology brings along when it is incorporated into a business. They are: The inclusion of information technology in a business brings along many security issues with it. When a business becomes very reliant on technology, it faces a risk of cyber harassment and cyber crimes, which jeopardizes the prospect of a business in the market. It loses out on the profit making motive and tries to concentrate on warding off the security issues. A business or a company has many things that are private to the company and must remain so. However, whenever there is an error or a glitch, the company becomes vulnerable to the privacy threats that may harm the company. Technology nowadays has replaced many positions, which means that it has reduced the positions. This means that the job market has shrunk considerably owing to the inclusion of technology in businesses. The implementation of information technology into a business or a company comes with a lot of expenditure. While the big companies can easily afford this process, it becomes harder for the smaller businesses to afford this expensive technology. This means that they end up losing out clients to a business. Maintenance of IT In the world of today, businesses cannot function without information technology. However, businesses and companies have to monitor and maintain the technology to obtain a smooth and effective operation. Information technology helps in the smooth running of the business. However, it has to be monitored and maintained to achieve the maximum output. The companies have to take measures like monitoring the security breaches in the technology, backing up data and obtaining a secured network (Kleis et al. 2012). Conclusion: In the competitive world of today, it has become imperative for businesses to achieve maximum profit and productivity. With the dawn of information technology, computers and devices for communication, such as smartphones, have become the principal tools for conducting business. IT gives companies the scope to outsource employees from remote locations and reduce the costs connected with conventional recruitment techniques. The impact of IT on businesses is undoubtedly huge. With the recent developmental leaps that the area of technology is taking, it can be safely said that IT is going to be the future of all businesses. References: Atkinson, R.D., 2013. Competitiveness, Innovation and Productivity.The Information Technology Innovation Foundation.August, pp.2-7. Aykin, N. ed., 2016.Usability and internationalization of information technology. CRC Press. Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R. and Van Reenen, J., 2014. The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization.Management Science,60(12), pp.2859-2885. Brynjolfsson, E. and McAfee, A., 2012.Race against the machine: How the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy. Brynjolfsson and McAfee. Chao, C.A. and Chandra, A., 2012. Impact of owner's knowledge of information technology (IT) on strategic alignment and IT adoption in US small firms.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,19(1), pp.114-131. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Dedrick, J., Kraemer, K.L. and Shih, E., 2013. Information technology and productivity in developed and developing countries.Journal of Management Information Systems,30(1), pp.97-122. Hensen, J.L. and Lamberts, R. eds., 2012. Building performance simulation for design and operation. Routledge. Kleis, L., Chwelos, P., Ramirez, R.V. and Cockburn, I., 2012. Information technology and intangible output: The impact of IT investment on innovation productivity.Information Systems Research,23(1), pp.42-59. Mithas, S., Tafti, A.R., Bardhan, I. and Goh, J.M., 2012. Information technology and firm profitability: mechanisms and empirical evidence. Nambisan, S., 2013. Information technology and product/service innovation: A brief assessment and some suggestions for future research.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,14(4), p.215. Sargent, K., Hyland, P. and Sawang, S., 2012. Factors influencing the adoption of information technology in a construction business.Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, The,12(2), p.72. Sherman, A.J., 2012.Raising capital: get the money you need to grow your business. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Venkatesh, V., Thong, J.Y. and Xu, X., 2012. Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Woolworths Online. (2017). Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 23 Jan. 2017]. Wu, S.P.J., Straub, D.W. and Liang, T.P., 2015. How information technology governance mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business and it managers.Mis Quarterly,39(2), pp.497-518.

Hourani on Middle Eastern History

Albert Hourani’s article addresses the ideas and approaches that historians use to map the history of Middle East. Hourani explained his own points of view about Middle Eastern history during a joint conference by the British and French Societies of Middle Eastern and Arabic history-studies.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Hourani on Middle Eastern History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author uses his personal understanding and impressions to articulate his argument. Furthermore, the speaker refers to his vast experience as a Middle-Eastern history scholar. In the talk, Hourani references several 20th century publications on the history of Middle East. Hourani’s main argument is that several inconsistencies are manifested during the mapping of Middle Eastern history. This paper explores Hourani’s main ideas on how history scholars should approach Middle Eastern historical studies in order not to make false conclusions or mistakes. The scholar points out the methods of viewing Middle Eastern history he considers inappropriate. The author begins his talk by noting the influence both British and French colonial administrations have had on the Middle Eastern history. According to Hourani, these two administrations promoted the culture of extensive historical scholarship in Middle East. Furthermore, Hourani recognizes that the evolution of Middle Eastern history depends on the contributions of various European historians. The speaker states that Middle East is a general term that has several geographical, historical, and religious associations. For instance, Albert Hourani poses the question whether or not these associations could mean that the Middle East is a single historical and geographical unit. After that Hourani explores this question by referencing publications, which address the origins of Islam and other Arab cultures.Advertising Looking for cours ework on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The speaker’s main point is that it is erroneous to address the history of a certain geographical region without considering its association and interaction with other regions and cultures. According to Hourani, it is not possible to consider the history of the geographical area that covers the territory from Nile to Oxus (Middle East) as homogenous. The speaker notes that the history of Middle East is definitely connected to the history of adjacent areas such as northern India and inner Asia. The most significant, prominent and influential time of Middle Eastern history includes the era of the Ottoman Empire. Historians note that the period between the 15th and 18th centuries stands out as the time of dominance for the Arabic culture and its creativity. Hourani argues that the influences of both the Ottoman Empire and Islam are pertinent to the Middle Eastern history. The sp eaker points out that the last congregation of most Middle Eastern countries occurred in the times the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman’s rule, several countries became parts of the Empire. Consequently, the Ottoman Empire unified these regions under Islam. Hourani notes that Islam is the last great force that united the Arabic nations into a monolithic linguistic and cultural unit. However, the history of Middle East outside of these three elements should not be ignored due to the prominence of Islam. According to Hourani, any historical work that addresses Middle Eastern development must consider the influences of the Ottoman Empire, Islam, and European colonization. Nevertheless, historians find it difficult to map the history of Middle East in the period between 11th and 15th centuries due to its diversity. Hourani also points out the difficulties of mapping the history of Islam during the last fifty years because most Arabic countries have separated and turned into ind ependent states.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Hourani on Middle Eastern History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his talk, Hourani sought to address the different methodologies and strategies that could be used when studying the history of Middle East. According to the speaker, the influences of Islam and the Ottoman Empire should neither be ignored, nor should they be the limiting factors in the study of Middle Eastern History, as this territory is proved to have undergone multiple various influences and tendencies, causing diverse patterns and processes in its development. This coursework on Hourani on Middle Eastern History was written and submitted by user Kailynn Salas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

ADR has been accorded a prominent role in Essays

ADR has been accorded a prominent role in Essays ADR has been accorded a prominent role in Essay ADR has been accorded a prominent role in Essay The Civil Procedure Rules were introduced in 1999 following Lord Woolf’s scrutiny of the civil justness system and his 1996 study, ‘Access to Justice.’ In this study, Lord Woolf identified a figure of jobs with the civil justness system. First, it was excessively expensive, instances were plagued by hold and clip bounds were on a regular basis ignored. Woolf besides identified inequality between litigators, more specifically, between the wealthy and those with fewer fiscal resources. The system was expensive, complex and confusing and this deterred many with a legitimate instance from conveying proceedings. In short, the system did non offer satisfactory entree to justness. Lord Woolf identified assorted rules by which the civil justness system should be governed. He argued that the system should be merely and just and trade with instances sensible rapidly at a sensible cost. In order to run into these aims, he recommended a figure of reforms including promoting the usage of alternate difference declaration ( ADR ) . In advancing the usage of ADR, Lord Woolf was admiting the fact that the tribunals are non ever the best forum in which to decide differences. The adversarial nature of the system makes for an intimidating ambiance, adding to the emphasis felt by the parties. The test, will necessarily intend that one party is on the losing side as the tribunal decides between them. Tests can besides convey unwanted promotion since most hearings will be in public. In the commercial sphere, there may good be a desire to maintain sensitive information out of the public sphere and ADR is one manner of making so. Lord Woolf sought to increase the usage of ADR and wanted judicial proceeding to be viewed as a last resort. As a consequence, regulation 1 ( 4 ) ( 2 ) ( vitamin E ) of the Civil Procedure Rules encourages its usage where appropriate. There are assorted different types of ADR including arbitration, conciliation and mediation. Mediation is a type of facilitated dialogue. It can be used to decide differences in many different countries including little claims, divorce and lodging instances. An independent and impartial 3rd party, the go-between, is appointed in order to help the parties to make a reciprocally acceptable decision to their difference. Mediation itself normally takes topographic point in a impersonal locale, frequently chosen by the parties. The usual construction is to get down by specifying the issues, researching the possible options and so holding a solution. The function of the go-between is to ease the procedure, assisting the parties to come on through each phase. There are different types of mediation that may be used by the parties. ‘Evaluative mediation’ involves the go-between measuring the legal strength of a instance, proposing possible results and directing the parties towards a solution. ‘Facilitative mediation’ , on the other manus, requires the go-between to play a less active function, regulating the procedure itself, instead than proposing possible results. Any understanding reached through mediation will non be lawfully adhering but will be considered as a contract between the parties, with the usual redresss available for breach. The usage of mediation has been facilitated by the CPR, as the increased work that is required to be completed anterior to the issue of a claim means that all parties are intelligent as to the issues involved and hence in a better place to measure the strength of their instance. As such, mediation is a more executable chance than it was under the old system. When this is added to the court’s responsibility under the overruling aim of the CPR to ‘actively manage’ instances, it could be said that the CPR goes beyond the encouragement of mediation into the kingdom of irresistible impulse. Indeed, in the instance of Kinstreet Ltd V Balmargo Corporation Ltd. [ 1999 ] , [ 1 ] the tribunal really ordered mediation despite the expostulation of one of the parties involved. The tribunals took a similar attack in Muman v Nagasena [ 2000 ] [ 2 ] and in the same twelvemonth, the instance of R ( Cowl ) v Plymouth City Council [ 2001 ] [ 3 ] was heard. It was the position of the tribunal that this instance should non hold been dealt with by manner of judicial proceeding but alternatively through mediation, with the lower limit of engagement by the tribunals. Indeed, Lord Woolf stated â€Å"Without the demand for the vast costs which must hold been incurred in this case†¦ the parties should hold been able to come to a reasonable decision as to how to dispose of the issues which divided them. If they could non make this without aid, so an independent go-between should hold been recruited to help. That would hold been a far cheaper class to follow. Today sufficient should be known about ADR to do the failure to follow it, in peculiar when public money is involved, indefensible.† [ 4 ] Clearly, in this instance, the position of the tribunal was that mediation was immensely preferred to the usage of judicial proceeding. Indeed, Lord Woolf maintained that the instance would hold served some intent if it made clear to attorneies that they should merely fall back to judicial proceeding if it is â€Å"really unavoidable.† [ 5 ] In Hurst V Leeming [ 2001 ] , [ 6 ] the claimant sued his barrister for professional carelessness. The tribunal held that there was no sensible chance of the instance succeeding and so entered judgement against him. The suspect had offered to travel to mediation at an early phase in the instance but the suspect barrister refused. Following the judgement, the issue of costs arose and specifically whether the claimant should run into the disbursals of the suspect given the refusal of mediation. The tribunal held that they key factor was whether the mediation had a existent chance of success. Since this was non found to be so on the facts, the tribunal decided that the defendant’s refusal to go to mediation was sensible and he was hence entitled to retrieve his costs from the claimant. The findings of the tribunal in this instance suggests that whilst the value of mediation was recognised, its usefulness must be viewed objectively and the tribunals will non promote it by punishin g a party who refuses the chance to take portion if there was no chance of the difference being resolved by it usage. In Dunnett v Railtrack Plc [ 2002 ] , mediation continued to be encouraged by the tribunals, with the recognition that â€Å"skilled go-betweens are now able to accomplish consequences satisfactory to both parties in many instances which are rather beyond the power of attorneies and tribunals to achieve.† [ 7 ] Again, mediation was encouraged in the instance of Cable A ; Wireless v IBM [ 2002 ] [ 8 ] , when it was stated by Mr Justice Colman that â€Å"There is now available a clearly recognised and well-developed procedure of difference declaration affecting sophisticated mediation techniques provided by trained go-betweens in conformity with processs designed to accomplish colony by the agencies most suited for the difference in question.† [ 9 ] This is clearly an indorsement of the mediation procedure and a certain a publicity of its usage. By the clip that the determination was made in Shirayama Shokusan Co Ltd V Danavo Ltd [ 2003 ] , [ 10 ] repeating that in both Kinstreet and Muman, it seemed as if the difficult line attack of the tribunals rendered engagement in mediation compulsory. The tribunals did, nevertheless retreat from this place in Halsey v Milton Keynes General NHS Trust [ 2004 ] [ 11 ] when an entreaty was made against the award of costs to the suspect who had refused several offers to intercede. Lord Justice Dyson declared that â€Å"It is one thing to promote the parties to hold to mediation, even to promote them in the strongest footings. It is another to order them to make so. It seems to us that to compel genuinely unwilling parties to mention their differences to mediation would be to enforce an unacceptable obstructor on their right of entree to the court.† [ 12 ] In instances since Halsey, including Burchell v Bullard A ; Others [ 2005 ] , [ 13 ] the tribunals have maintained their reserve to do mediation compulsory but have however continued to promote it, non least by the menace of costs countenances against parties who refuse an offer to intercede. In decision, it is true to state that ADR has been accorded a outstanding function in the reformed civil justness system since the debut of the Civil Procedure Rules, with their accent on judicial proceeding as a last resort. The usage of mediation has besides been greatly encouraged through instance jurisprudence and even reached a point when it was considered compulsory. Since so, nevertheless, the tribunals have retreated a small but however are still actively advancing the usage of mediation to decide differences. Bibliography Bailey C. A ; Datnow G. ‘Mediation from the Advocates Seat.’ 155 NLJ 728 2005 Brooker P. A ; Lavers A. ‘Commercial and Construction ADR: Lawyers Attitudes and Experience with Mediation.’ [ 2001 ] Civil Justice Quarterly, Vol. 20, 327-47 Brooker, P. A ; Lavers, A. ‘Mediation Results: Lawyers Experience with Mediation , Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Journal, ( 2005 ) Vol. 5 No.2, 161-213 Cornes, D. Commercial Mediation: the impact of the Courts ( 2007 ) 73 Arbitration 12-19 Gibson, W. ‘Mediate or Pay the Price.’ 157 NLJ, 166, 2007. Lightman, G. ‘Mediation: An Estimate to Justice.’ Vol 73, no. 4 Nov 2007, 400-402 Mackie, K. ‘Mediation Rocket Science.’ 156 NLJ 747, 2006. Prince, S. ‘Negotiating Mediation.’ 156 NLJ 262, 2006 Sautter, E. ‘Halsey: Mediation One Year On’ 155 NLJ 730, 2005 Sime, S. A Practical Approach to Civil Procedure. 10Thursdayedition. Oxford: OUP, 2007 Williams, V. Civil Procedure Handbook. Oxford: OUP, 2007 The European Convention on Human Rights ( ECHR ) was signed in 1950, coming into force in 1953. The large-scale maltreatment of human rights during this period gave rise to a desire to guarantee that in the hereafter, cardinal rights would be afforded equal protection. The Council of Europe produced the ECHR, a acknowledgment that international support was required if its purposes were to be realised. The UK Human Rights Act was passed 1998 and requires public governments to transport out their activities in a manner that is compatible with the Convention rights. ECHR rights are set out in a figure of Articles. Article 6 of the Convention provinces: â€Å"In the finding of his civil rights and duties or of any condemnable charge against him, everyone is entitled to a just and public hearing within a sensible clip by an independent and impartial court established by jurisprudence. Judgement shall be pronounced publically but the imperativeness and public may be excluded from all or portion of the test in the involvement of ethical motives, public order or national security in a democratic society.† [ 14 ] Article 6 applies non merely to tribunal proceedings but besides to other types of hearings including arbitration. Arbitration is a method of alternate difference declaration that enables parties to decide instances without resort to the tribunals. Arbitration involves an independent and impartial 3rd party or ‘arbitrator’ whose function it is to make up ones mind the result of the difference. Arbitration is normally used to settle consumer and industrial differences but is may besides be used to find others types of instances and so, many commercial contracts contain a clause that requires the usage of arbitration prior to the beginning of tribunal proceedings. The Arbitration Act 1996 sets out the model for the usage of arbitration. Section 1 of the Act provinces that â€Å" ( a ) the object of arbitration is to obtain the just declaration of differences by an impartial court without unneeded hold or disbursal ; ( B ) the parties should be free to hold how their differences are resolved, capable merely to such precautions as are necessary in the public involvement ; ( degree Celsius ) in affairs governed by this Part the tribunal should non step in except every bit provided by this Part.† [ 15 ] Arbitration, as an alternate declaration difference procedure, is by and large less formal than proceedings at tribunal. Arbiters can be more flexible than the tribunals in their attack and parties can hold a much greater say in the behavior of proceedings, so, it is normally the parties who will hold chosen the arbiter, or at least agreed upon how they are to be chosen. In footings of the arbitration proceedings themselves, the arbiter may make a determination without a hearing, based upon the documental grounds submitted by both sides. In other instances, there may be a full hearing, complete with witness testimony. Despite the less formal nature of the procedure, nevertheless, the determination of the arbiter will normally be lawfully adhering. The determination takes the signifier of an ‘award’ and will normally be accompanied with the grounds why it was made. The award will be enforced by the tribunals if necessary. Once an award has been made by the arbiter, there are few options for entreaty. Even a brief consideration of arbitration suggests that there is possible struggle with the procedure and the commissariats of Article 6 ECHR. Arbitration is normally conducted in private and therefore may conflict with the demand under Article 6 for a ‘public’ hearing. Additionally, depending upon the peculiar procedure employed, the choice of an arbiter may conflict with the demand that the tribunal hearing a instance must be ‘independent and impartial.’ In several recent instances, the tribunals have been asked to find whether the UK arbitrational procedure is compatible with Article 6 of the ECHR. In Stretford v Football Association Ltd and Another [ 2007 ] [ 16 ] the claimant was a football agent who faced Football Association disciplinary proceedings. The regulations of the Football Association contained an arbitration clause. Mr Stretford claimed that the disciplinary proceedings breached Article 6 of the ECHR in that the hearing was non held in public, the court was non independent and the judgement was non publically pronounced. The tribunal considered the instance of Placito v Slater [ 2003 ] , [ 17 ] in which it was held, following Deweer v Belgium [ 1980 ] , [ 18 ] that a party may relinquish assorted rights under Article 6. The release of any such rights, nevertheless, must be univocal and a party can non be compelled to relinquish them. The tribunal held that on the facts, the contract between the claimant and the suspect constituted a release by the claimant of his rights under Article 6. The tribunal held that the understanding was voluntary, the claimant was cognizant, or should hold been, of those commissariats and that his consent was hence univocal. Other affairs taken into history by the tribunal were that arbitration clauses were normally used in the featuring sphere to modulate the relationship between certain parties. To strike down such clauses would hold a wide-ranging consequence and it would non be in the public involvement to forestall parties from holding to arbitration if they so wished . In add-on, the Arbitration Act 1996 requires arbiters to stay both independent and impartial and any failure to make so can be challenged by tribunal proceedings under subdivision 68 of the Act. In Sumukan Ltd v Commonwealth Secretariat [ 2007 ] , [ 19 ] Sumukan had entered into a consultancy understanding with the suspect to supply services to the Namibian authorities. The contract contained an arbitration clause, which included the proviso for an arbiter to be appointed harmonizing to certain regulations specified by the suspect. An arbiter involved in the instance was non decently appointed under the regulations and as such, it was argued that the award was invalid. The tribunal agreed and set aside the original wages, remitting the instance to another, decently constituted tribunal. This instance may be cited as farther grounds that the UK arbitrational procedure is compatible with Article 6 of the ECHR since an abnormality in proceedings led to the puting aside of the award, showing that the tribunals are prepared to declare an award shut-in if the regulations of arbitration are non complied with. Thus the tribunals have clearly acted in a manner that is compatible with Article 6. In Shuttari Fawzia Amtul-Habib V Solicitor’s Indemnity Fund [ 2007 ] , [ 20 ] the Solictor’s Indemity Fund ( SIF ) refused to indemnify the canvasser claimant for claims made against her in 1997. The difference was made capable to the arbitration process laid out in the regulations of the SIF. The claimant indicated which party that she wished to be appointed as the arbiter in the affair. The instance was heard and an arbitration award was made against her. Assorted efforts at entreaty were made climaxing in an scrutiny of the affair by the Court of Appeal. The tribunal considered assorted facets of the instance, including the averment by the claimant that since rank of SIF was compulsory, she had non ‘freely agreed’ to the arbitration clause and hence her rights under Article 6 ECHR had been infringed. It was argued that this meant that the arbitration award was invalid. On the facts, the tribunal refused Mrs Shuttari permission to appeal, as she had no realistic chance of disputing the cogency of the arbitrator’s award. The tribunal took into history that she had instigated the arbitration process instead than tribunal proceedings to dispute its cogency and a one time the award had been made, her challenge to it under subdivision 68 of the Arbitration Act confirmed its cogency. Again, this instance recognised the cogency of the arbitration understanding and demonstrates the court’s reluctance to interfere with a decently conducted arbitration procedure. In decision, in visible radiation of recent judicial proceeding, it appears that although there is possible struggle, every bit long as the UK arbitrational procedure is right followed, it is compatible with Article 6 of the ECHR. The tribunals accept that parties are free to relinquish their rights under Article 6 every bit long as this is done unambiguously and without irresistible impulse. Bibliography Books/Journals Mackie, K. , Miles, D. , Marsh, W. A ; Allen, T. ADR Practice Guide. 3rd edition. Tottel Printing 2007 Marshall, E. Gill: The Law of Arbitration. 4Thursdayedition, London: Sweet A ; Maxwell 2001 Qureshi, K. ‘Arbitration and Article 6’ 157 NLJ 46-7 2007 Qureshi, K. ‘Growing Up Fast.’ 157 NLJ 586-7 2007 Turner, R. Arbitration Awards: A Practical Approach. London: Blackwell, 2005 Web sites ACAS At: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.acas.org.uk/ Accessed 15ThursdayMarch 2008 ADR Now At: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.adrnow.org.uk/go/SubSection1.html Accessed 15ThursdayMarch 2008 Chartered Institute of Arbiters At: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arbitrators.org/ Accessed 15ThursdayMarch 2008 Legislative acts The Arbitration Act 1996 The European Convention on Human Rights The Human Rights Act 1998 1

Disaster Risk Management (Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment) Essay

Disaster Risk Management (Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment) - Essay Example The techniques like Vulnerability and Capability Assessment (VCA) would be very effective in identifying local perceptions about the disaster and also in the evaluation of the capability of the community to face during such an catastrophe. Either well structured means - qualitative, quantitative or their combination or unstructured and participative methods could be used for proper identification of interrelationships of the local settings. The utility of using VCA for identification and quantification of vulnerability besides measuring the regional capabilities has been widely accepted. Among the various methods often adopted for undertaking the VCA process, the participatory methods have had considerable success when compared to other means of identifying the exact factors involved in most issues. When a calamity or the disaster strikes a region, the impact of these events are borne by the entire population and hence the potential of vulnerability of entire cross section of the people need to be mapped to understand the magnitude of effect. Also, the perception of the people towards these events which could be frequent would also help the policy makers and support agencies to prioritize the action process. Even in the cases considered the though the common problems perceived in the regions were water shortage. The local community in these countries not only have different perceptions on the risks but also anticipates different type of problems they might have to face due to this. Further , variation in the type of demographic profile and socio-political conditions might make all bureaucratic approaches to identify the priority programme ineffective. As in the case considered, Palestine a small country involved with continuous military interventions with the neighboring country Israel is said to have very poor infrastructure facilities like roads, power supply and also water and waste water management systems. A well structured VCA analysis, conducted using local community and organizational systems, to identify the potential hazard facing them into various aspects of the country have revealed interesting facts. The techniques adopted had a blend of different methods like interviews, focus group discussions, workshops besides separately involving children also. The method had given rich information that have helped to map the vulnerability in the region and also in the identification of their capability. Further, local level workshops to create a base awareness to help them to generate opinions and remarks too shows the extended mechanism present in these approaches for information generation. Similar approached were adopted in t he case of Afghanistan to assess the issues of food security and in the identification of potential hazards in the countries like Albania and Vietnam. In addition to identification of vulnerability spots in the society they would also help the decision makers to identify and envisage the future course of action very effectively. The regional strength of in all the cases considered in the analysis have been identified and ranked appropriately. This would help to identify the prevailing dogma in the region which other wise would have hindered the success of any developmental initiative. Also as assessment of the capability of the people and systems in these places

Seperate Subjects, 1 page each Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Seperate Subjects, 1 page each - Essay Example Through exploration of these ratios using statistics, can help in limiting the inter-industry effect of inflation. Statistics also help in giving data in a summary form the prices of foreign currencies. This information is useful in controlling inflation rate from outside the country, and thus leads to the success of domestic industries. Statistics are helpful when doing comparison of different economy sectors or organizations Sai Ram Centre for Financial Management Research, 2006). Multinational Companies carry out Research and Development (R&D) to determine their share of R&D in foreign countries. By comparing the ratios, the MNCs are able understand which sector or organization to give more effort in terms of resources, or which country to increase their share of R&D. This has boosted many business organizations as R&D has helped to come up with innovative means of doing business Sai Ram Centre for Financial Management Research, 2006). To increase shareholder value in an organization, correlation is used to quantify association of the shareholder value and the earnings per share or net income. Statistics are important in valuation and monitoring of business operational alternatives (Narayanan, 2004). From previously recorded statistics a manger can alter or adjust a business strategy. However, in making decision regarding the shareholder value, the share price should not be used to make decision as this has no causation relationship with the shareholder value (Glene, 2003). Scenario forecasting is important in any organization that wishes to have a successful planning in future. Scenario forecast prompts team members in an organization to think outside the box by trying to anticipate dynamics that may affect business activities or the team. Scenario forecast goes past simple, straight-line extrapolation of the project performance of a company to portray how different factors interact to

New Product Questionnaire Essay Example for Free

New Product Questionnaire Essay The main definition of bonsai as an outlet for both art and horticulture is quite wide. There are many myths which are associated with bonsai. These not only provide confusion for budding enthusiasts, but gives the pastime a bad name for anyone not majorly experienced in the area. A bonsai is not a genetically dwarfed plant and is not kept small by cruelty in any way. In fact, given an adequate supply of water, air, light and nutrients, a properly maintained bonsai should outlive a full size tree of the same species. The techniques of Bonsai are no more cruel than that of any other horticultural endeavour. It is also common belief that bonsai are only a few centimetres tall. This is untrue, although bonsai are small in comparison to their huge life-sized brothers, most are over 25 centimetres tall and up to 1 metre in height. To the Japanese, there is a link to many of the ideals that their society is based on. Zen Buddhism where the pastime originated, man, nature, elements and change all are intertwined into this unique method of meditation and expression. To our world now, bonsai is viewed as a hobby that allows a greater understanding and being with nature and also a way to enhance our gardens. Bonsai can be developed from seeds or cuttings, from young trees or from naturally occurring stunted trees transplanted into containers. Most bonsai range in height from 5 centimetres (2 in) to 1 metre (3. 33 ft). Bonsai are kept small and trained by pruning branches and roots, by periodic repotting, by pinching off new growth, and by wiring the branches and trunk so that they grow into the desired shape. The bonsai with its container and soil, physically independent of the earth since its roots are not planted in it, is a separate entity, complete in itself, yet part of nature. This is what is meant by the expression heaven and earth in one container. A bonsai tree should always be positioned off-center in its container, for not only is asymmetry vital to the visual effect, but the center point is symbolically where heaven and earth meet, and nothing should occupy this place. Another aesthetic principle is the triangular pattern necessary for visual balance and for expression of the relationship shared by a universal principle (life-giving energy or deity), the artist and the tree itself. Tradition holds that three basic virtues are necessary to create a bonsai: shin-zen-bi standing for truth, goodness and beauty. Given proper care, bonsai can live for hundreds of years, with prized specimens being passed from generation to generation, admired for their age, and revered as a reminder of those who have cared for them over the centuries. Although these bonsai are extremely beautiful meticulously cared for over the years and containing such a wealth of knowledge, age is not essential. It is more important that the tree produce the artistic effect desired, that it be in proper proportion to the appropriate container, and that it be in good health. Bonsai are ordinary trees or plants, not special hybrid dwarfs. Small leafed varieties are most suitable, but essentially any plant can be used, regardless of the size it grows to in the wild. In Japan, varieties of pine, azalea, camellia, bamboo and plum are most often used. The artist never duplicates nature but rather expresses a personal aesthetic philosophy by manipulating it. The bonsai may suggest many things, but in all cases must look natural and never show the intervention of human hands (with the exception of Chinese bonsai which in many cases depicts images of dragons and other influential symbols of the culture at the time of origination). Grown in special containers, bonsai are primarily kept outdoors (with the exception of some plants suited, trained and grown indoors), although they are often displayed on special occasions in the tokonoma, the alcove in the traditional Japanese rooms designed for the display of artistic objects or on a polished stand.

Divorce Laws in the United States Essay examples -- Family Law

â€Å"Divorce is a decree by a court that a valid marriage no longer exists. It leaves both parties free to remarry. The court will award custody, divide property, and order spousal and child support† (The American Bar Association 71). â€Å"†¦till death do us part† is almost always heard at wedding ceremonies. But all too often does this phrase not hold up to its true meaning. Between 1960 and 1999 the divorce rate in the United States tripled (Porterfield vii). Out of all first time marriages, 41% end in divorce (Divorce Rate). According to the Centers for Disease control and Prevention, for every 1,000 people, 6.8 get married and 3.4 of those marriages will end in divorce (Marriage and Divorce). The Family Legal Guide from The American Bar Association confirms that of the couples who marry before the age of forty-five, one-half of them will get divorced (71). These numbers do not seem to be decreasing. They only seem to be increasing as time goes on. It is agreed by many that if two people can no longer find it in themselves to be passionate towards one another and they no longer desire the others company that they should end their marriage. However, the growing number of divorces is proving that, pe rhaps getting a divorce in the United States is too easy. The evidence proves that divorce laws should be made stricter throughout the United States. Every divorce is different; no two divorces are the same. Some involve children. Some are just a couple. Some have step children or half children. Some include hostile situations. Some are peaceful. Some are for a valid reason. Some are simply because the couple doesn’t feel like being together anymore. Some are mutual. Some are not. So why is every divorce so quickly done and so easily ob... ...2. â€Å"Marriage and Divorce.† Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 5 Oct. 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2012. Porterfield, Kay Marie. Straight Talk about Divorce. New York: Facts on File, 1999. Print. Portnoy, Ph.D. Sanford. â€Å"A Lawyer’s Primer Part 1- The Effects of Divorce on Adults.† Ed. Ron Brown. The Psychology of Divorce. 1(2006): 1-7. Print. Russo, Francine. â€Å"Can The Government Prevent Divorce?† The Atlantic. Oct. 1997. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. Shapiro v. Thompson. 2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication Data. U.S. Supreme Court. 21 Apr. 1969. Print. Tavernise, Sabrina, and Robert Gebeloff. â€Å"Once Rare in Rural American, Divorce is Changaing the Face of Its Families.† www.Nytimes.com. The New York Times. 23 Mar. 2011. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. The American Bar Association. Family Legal Guide. 3rd ed. New York: Random House, 2004. 71-88. Print.

Educational Orientation for African Americans Essay

â€Å"Reality depends on one’s perception of the world. Thus, although there is one school, each student perceives his or her experiences in that school differently. Reality exists in that individual perception† (Marcus, Gross, & Seefeldt, 1991, p. 364). Ensuring social justice and opportunities of achievement for all students, especially historically underrepresented groups, has been my mission in life for many years. Concerned with issues like equal opportunity and treatment for all students, regardless of students’ social class, ethnicity, or family structure, I have always attempted to be cognizant of students’ perspectives. As a counselor in a school that is predominantly white with a few African American students I would like to research intervention strategies that would make those African American students in my school be more successful. There are many factors associated with school failure, especially in African American males. The purpose of this research is to identify those factors and develop interventions strategies to apply to combat the school failure of those students. Examining their culture and of the causes of this phenomena and understanding how they experience school was critical in identifying the issues and influences on their educations. Students’ failures to learn and succeed do not occur out of thin air. More specifically, African American boys’ failures to achieve do not occur out of thin air. A review of literature on Black male achievement shows that not only do they lag behind their White counterparts in America, but also in Britain and Canada (Graham & Robinson, 2004; Smith, Schneider, & Ruck, 2005). Attention must be given to examining policies, practices, attitudes, and experiences that create such failure in schools (Christle, Jolivette, & Nelson, 2005; Kagan, 1990; Nieto, 1999). Educators have many responsibilities. One of those responsibilities is to examine the reasons for the failure of students. Marian Wright Edelman (1992) sums up the purpose of education and echoes my belief of the responsibility of educators: â€Å"Education is for improving the lives of others and for leaving your community and world better than you found it† (pp. 9-10). The decision to study African American males in middle school arises from personal interest in equity and social justice issues. Tied to that is my experience in middle schools where I have been witness to struggling students, particularly African American males from low socioeconomic neighborhoods, who have demonstrated a lack of success in school. One cannot help but wonder why being Black and male puts students at risk for school failure (Davis, 2003; Noguera, 2003). For these reasons, my research is focused on a group of African American who are not successful in school; those who are struggling academically, demonstrating inappropriate behavior at school, and not putting forth effort to meet their academic potential. The research will seek to identify the influences, or the lack thereof, impacting these students’ success. When factoring in other issues that potentially result from a lack of educational attainment, such as involvement in illegal activity and incarceration of African American students, it is easy to see that we cannot afford to gamble on whether or not these students will make it on their own. Alarming statistics create a sense of urgency and responsibility for educators in reaching African American students in particular. Predictions based on steady incarceration rates reveal that 32% of African American males will likely serve time in state or federal prisons during the course of their lifetimes (U. S. Department of Justice, 2002). We are living in a country where twice as many African Americans live below the poverty line than Caucasians and where 40% of jail inmates are African American (U. S. Department of Commerce, 2002; U. S. Department of Justice, 2002). African Americans have held the lead in the percentage of people unemployed for three years consecutively (U. S. Department of Labor, 2003). Such statistics, when coupled with economic consequences of failing to adequately educate all students, paint a bleak picture for a large segment of our population. Gibbs (1988) goes so far as to say that African American males are an â€Å"endangered species. † She uses a dictionary definition to define this term as â€Å"a class of individuals having common attributes and designated by a common name [which is] in danger or peril of probable harm or loss† (p. 1). It is critical that struggling African American students are identified early to help avoid the dismal scenarios. The implications of failing to identify and assist struggling students at the earliest point possible not only have an immediate effect on students but also carry long-term consequences for students, communities, and the nation (Gibbs, 1988; Lee, 2002; President’s Committee, 1997). The educational and societal implications of not reaching this group of students are worthy of great concern. The lack of both academic progress and motivation to learn are symptoms of a larger problem. Without getting to the root causes for the underachievement of African American males, another year goes by and they fall further behind their academically excelling peers, lowering their chances of passing their grades or scoring at proficiency on the required yearly standardized tests. On a larger scale, this â€Å"silent catastrophe,† as a member of the London Parliament refers to the underachievement of Black male students, lays the foundation for impediments to quality of life, earned income, and other obstacles in these individuals’ lives, as well as implications for the greater society (Graham & Robinson, 2004, p. 654). behaviors children exhibit and failing to see the real problems. Conversations may take place between the teacher and the student or the student and an administrator on a superficial level inquiring as to why they are misbehaving or failing, but the deliberate search for the root causes is often set aside to deal with the immediate problem of behavior or unwillingness to learn. Students who are not succeeding academically often become â€Å"casualties of the educational systems that cannot see them because their problems remain invisible† (Nieto, 2004, p. 17). Classroom interventions, parent contacts, disciplinary consequences, counseling, and tutoring are a few of the strategies educators have implemented to improve student learning and chances of success. However, with some students it does not appear that we have scratched the surface of the underlying issues. Without getting to the root causes for the underachievement of African American males, another year goes by and they fall further behind their academically excelling peers, lowering their chances of passing their grades or scoring at proficiency on the required yearly standardized tests. On a larger scale, this â€Å"silent catastrophe,† as a member of the London Parliament refers to the underachievement of Black male students, lays the foundation for impediments to quality of life, earned income, and other obstacles in these individuals’ lives, as well as implications for the greater society (Graham & Robinson, 2004, p. 654). Irvine and Irvine (1994) suggested there are two perspectives that sum up the critical factor analysis on African American students’ failure in school. The first they call the achievement problematic, which suggests that Black students’ school failure is related to their cultural beliefs, perceptions and values about education. The second, cultural problematic, suggests that indifference to African American student culture is responsible for African American student school failure. The cultural vs. structural argument with regard to minority education is a common theme within sociology of education research. Empirical studies often highlight one or the other as contributing the under-achievement of African American. An examination of the various cultural and structural theories will put this debate into context.

Conflict Management - 2100 Words

ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 1. ABSTRACT Organizational conflict is a state of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests between people working together. Conflict takes many forms in organizations; there is the inevitable clash between formal authority and power and those individuals and groups affected. There are disputes over how revenues should be divided, how the work should be done and how long and hard people should work. There are jurisdictional disagreements among individuals, departments, and between unions and management. Various issues relating to organizational conflict, techniques, systems and practices for conflict resolution will also be discussed in this paper. Keywords:†¦show more content†¦Characteristic differences – culture, race, values, gender, personal preferences, age, perception, social status, etc. 5. REASONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT The people are aware of the factors that generate organizational conflicts such as scarcity, obstruction and incompatible interests or goals. Resource scarcity, monetary, job, prestige or power, encourages the obstruction of behaviour and organizational conflict arises. Organizational Conflict can also be broken out when one party avoids the goal achievement of the other one. Reiterating these ideas, declares that organizational conflict is clearly associated with power and can emerge when goal achievement of an organization is avoided. The reasons that justify conflict in organizations: 1. As departments grow, people lose contact with other departments, or yet, members of a department start to think differently from other areas. 2. The increase of emphasis in the financial measures as a tool for motivation for managers and the establishment of different profit centres inside an integrated business system end up creating many conflicts. 3. 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